James Baldwins Going To Meet The Man Essays - Going To Meet The Man

James Baldwin's Going To Meet The Man One always remembers What They are Taught James Baldwin, an African American creator conceived in Harlem, was raised by his rough advance dad, David. His dad was a lay evangelist who loathed whites and felt that all whites would be decided as they merit by a vindictive God (Klinkowitz and Pritchard, p.1999). As a rule, the dad's indignation was coordinated toward his child through brutality. Baldwin's history, to some extent, helps him in his understanding of prejudice inside the family. He comprehends that racists are not conceived, yet rather racists' perspectives and practices are found out in the beginning periods of adolescence. Baldwin's Going to Meet the Man is an ideal case of his ability to break down the development of a guiltless youngster to a bigot. Each kid is brought into the world with blamelessness. During the flashback to Jesse's adolescence, where he observes the mutilation and torment of a blackman, Jesse's honesty is obvious. Jesse has a dark companion named Otis who he hasn't seen for a couple of days. At the point when he asks his dad where Otis is, the dad answers, I figure Otis' people was afrad to let him give himself this morning(Baldwin, p. 2006). Jesse normally reacts, But Otis ain't sit idle. His dad clarifies, We just wanna ensure Otis don't sit idle, and you mention to him what your Daddy said(Baldwin, p. 2006). This announcement infers that since Otis is dark, he is inevitably going to accomplish something incorrectly. The dad has subliminally put negative contemplations within Jesse's head. Baldwin's own dad additionally acted along these lines when he generalized all whites as being terrible and guaranteed they would be rebuffed by a vindictive God. Amidst all the disturbance, Jesse can't rest the night prior to the lynching. Inside another flashback to that night, Jesse feels a solid need to have his mom near him yet he realized his dad dislike this(Baldwin, p. 2006). He needed to call his mom and turns out to be exceptionally disappointed and irate with his dad in light of the fact that the dad is the explanation that he couldn't got to his mom. He realizes that they will engage in sexual relations and this disturbs him. He heard his mom's groan, his dad's murmur; he gritted his teeth(Baldwin, p. 2006). Sigmund Freud's Edipus Complex clarifies Jesse's response. The Edipus Complex is a child's sexual aching for his mom. Jesse gets envious and his dad's breathing appeared to fill the world(Baldwin, p. 2006). As consequence of the yearning for the mother, a disdain toward the dad emerges on the grounds that the dad has the mother all to himself. Jesse, in this circumstance, might want to supplant the dad so he may encounter the m other in a sexual way. Jesse doesn't shake this inclination until he replaces the yearning of his mom with a clossnes to the dad, a typical impact of the Edipus complex. Jesse's honesty vanishes totally during the flashback of the day of the lynching. The dad is getting Jesse amped up for the brutality to come as he guarantees him, We're going on an outing. You won't ever overlook this picnic(Baldwin, p. 2007), Jesse answers, Are we going to see the awful nigger?(Baldwin, p. 2007). He utilizes the modifier awful, uncovering the impact of the dad 's past remarks about the dark man. They show up at the lynching and Jesse's dad shows worry toward how Jesse is feeling, all of you right?(Baldwin, p. 2009). At that point, the dad came to down out of nowhere and sat Jesse on his shoulders, causing Jesse to feel like he was holding with his dad. He had a sense of safety. They viewed the determined consuming of the negro together and Jesse last idea of blamelessness excite, What did the man do?(Baldwin, p. 2010). Subsequent to asking himself he looked to his mom and felt, she was more lovely than he had ever observed her previously and he started to feel a de light he had never felt before(Baldwin, p. 2010). After the Negro private parts were ruined he was left to gradually pass on, the dad looked to Jesse with quiet eyes and stated, Well, I let you know, you wasn't ever going to overlook this picnic(Baldwin, p.2010). It is as this second Freud's Edipus complex is by and by showed.

Marketing- CRM (customer relationship management) Case Study

Promoting CRM (client relationship the executives) - Case Study Example A doable summed up meaning of CRM is that it is data empowered relationship showcasing. This definition, notwithstanding, doesn't de-interface CRM with innovation since data the board in the cutting edge business world is totally innovation empowered. The normal yield of CRM is advancement of positive relationship with key clients or client sections that improves investor estimation of an association. In the advanced setting, CRM is a viable philosophy of IT empowered execution of relationship promoting methodologies to grow long haul and productive associations with clients. According to Kaplan and Norton (2000), no methodology is finished without a procedure map. Investigating CRM, the vital system of CRM should be unmistakably characterized before the usage starts. The vital system of CRM isn't set up as an independent structure rather discovers its foundations profound into the authoritative key structure beginning from the board room. ... The vital system of CRM isn't built up as an independent structure rather discovers its underlying foundations profound into the authoritative key structure beginning from the board room. The business techniques of an association structure the establishment of client procedures, whereby the previous is shaped at the CEO and board level including business destinations containing systems and bearings relating to association wide capabilities and the last is framed at the advertising office level that utilization the business methodologies to target showcase portions and clients. The foundation of techniques can be built up utilizing the Balanced Scorecard instrument created by Kaplan and Norton as appeared in Figure 1. Figure 1: Balanced Scorecard key system (Kaplan and Norton. 1996) Above all else, the association needs to have obviously characterized Vision and Mission explanations relating to CRM. The subsequent stage is to characterize the vital business objectives of the association that is in accordance with these announcements. These objectives ought to be focussed towards accomplishing special situating of the organization in the business sectors and in the point of view of the clients. For instance, a few organizations may get a kick out of the chance to build up a picture that they offer minimal effort items and administrations while others may jump at the chance to accomplish a picture of offering premium and prominent items and administrations at premium expenses. Additionally, a few organizations may jump at the chance to build up huge market sections involving multi-space territories though some may concentrate on slender market fragments including specialty zones. Whatever be the situating characterized for the association, the authority group may get a kick out of the chance to set up relating CRM objectives and afterward extend them into key CRM

Reading Pathways Blake Nelson

Reading Pathways Blake Nelson Ive been writing the Beyond the Bestsellers series here for a few months, and while I have a pile more books Id love to talk about for that series, I wanted to change directions a little bit. This time around, I thought it could be fun to do a reading pathways post to a young adult author and hopefully build up a few of those. So today, lets talk about YA author Blake Nelson. Perhaps the name isnt super familiar to casual YA readers. Perhaps even those who have been reading YA for quite a while dont know him immediately. But Nelsons been doing YA fiction for a long time his first novel  Girl became a cult classic in YA fiction in the early 1990s, when it was serialized in the  teen magazine  Sassy. Since hes been doing this for two decades, hes written over 12 YA novels, has been part of the Sister Spit tour, and continues to push his work, which is primarily contemporary realistic fiction, to new and interesting places, remaining a fresh voice in the category. So where do you begin? The answer is simple enough in saying that to get a true sense of Nelsons catalog, its worth starting with  Girl. Imagine being a teenage girl Portland, Oregon in the early 1990s. Theres grunge, theres grit, theres drugs, and theres plenty of opportunity for sex. Andrea, the main character, goes from being a shy and conservative girl to working her way into the underground rock scene. Along the way, she questions every single decision and relationship shes making she wants to stand out and be seen and noticed but shes also scared to death to put herself out there. She wonders whether shes being true to herself or if shes selling out in order to be known and accepted by her peers. Girl  is written stream-of-conscious style, and its exhausting and exhilarating because of that. Readers are right there with Andrea and they can see what shes thinking, what her worries are, and they can see through the entire process that while shes worried about the kind of girl she is, shes being the girl who she is. Its a smart and sharp story, and the hallmarks of the storys settings both in time and place enhance it. Andreas exceptionally memorable, and in 2011, Nelson wrote a sequel to  Girl  called  Dream School. It follows Andrea as she leaves Portland to attend her dream college in the Northeast and how her perception of herself and of others shifts (and doesnt shift) through the transition. Its older YA by todays standards, but its an important starting point not just for Nelson, but for many of the realistic coming of age stories in YA.  Girl  was made into a straight-to-VHS (!) starring Dominique Swain as Andrea, and it featured the likes of Tara Reid, Selma Blair, and Portia de Rossi. When you finish  Girl, its time to try your hand at an entirely different voice and narrative style in Nelsons oeuvre.  Paranoid Park, which was made into a film by Gus Van Sant, follows a nameless male character after he makes a horrific and life-altering mistake: he kills a security guard with his skateboard. He doesnt get caught, though, and it was done in what he believes is self defense. He manages to get away from the scene, and he ditches the skateboard. But being that he was able to get away with it, hes now stuck with the question: does he confess or does he keep the murder a complete secret in order to live his life like a normal person? The main character is a good kid, and having this on his rap sheet would be the worst thing possible. But he also wonders if it is worse to not say anything and live with the guilty conscious. This novel is dark and the paranoia and torment the main character goes through internally are immediate and make the reading experience tough (in the best way possible). What happens when your innocence is lost quickly and unintentionally because of an innocent mistake? The question at the center of Nelsons just-released  The Prince of Venice Beach  isnt far removed from the one in  Paranoid Park: when presented the choice to do the right thing or do the thing that would be best given (x, y, or z) situation, which do you choose? Cali is a runaway who lives on the streets of Venice Beach, California, and while it sounds like it could be the worst possible situation, for Cali, its not too bad. Hes got a load of friends, a place to crash at night, and theres a girl who shows some interest in him. But when a local cop recommends Cali to a private investigator, hes put into the position of locating a girl named Reese who has gone missing for a reason. And while he loves the work and loves the purpose hes being given, Cali understands that turning her in comes with a big cost: her freedom and her autonomy. This book requires a bit of suspension of disbelief, but going in with the idea its meant to be a fun boy-turned-PI story makes it work. This isnt going to be as dark as  Paranoid Park, but it will traverse some really heavy stuff anyway: runaway culture and the loyalties that those who live on the streets have to one another and to their own stories. While were tackling Nelsons lighter-hearted fair, it would be impossible not to talk about  Destroy All Cars, which sounds like its going to be serious and some parts of the story  are  serious but at heart, its a really funny book. James, who lives in suburban Portland, loves to rail about how cars and their dependency on gasoline are ruining our planet. He hates consumer culture and hell take every opportunity to remind anyone how theyre personally contributing to Earths destruction. In addition to being angry about the ways humans are destroying the planet, James also devotes significant time to thinking about the first girl he ever fell in love with: Sadie. His hearts been shattered by their breaking up and while he spends a lot of time thinking about the other girls who he could date, he cant stop thinking about Sadie. Shes important to him because she, too, shares a lot of the same beliefs and passions he does when it comes to saving the planet. Destroy All Cars  is told through a variety of lenses, and one of them is through essays that James writes and turns into his English teacher. The teacher responds to these essays, and its through this correspondence and the responses James has about those comments where the real humor in this book shines. Throughout the book we get to actually see James get better at writing, better at developing his arguments for his beliefs, and we see him get better at figuring out his relationship with Sadie. Finally, round out your toe-dipping into Blake Nelsons work with  Recovery Road, which falls on the darker, edgier end of the spectrum. Maddies been sent to Spring Meadows, a rehab center, because she has a drinking and anger  problem. Nearly immediately, she befriends another girl in recovery named Trish and they hit it off quickly. But since Spring Meadows isnt a permanent place, Trish is on her way out when Maddies on her way in. Their relationship, while important on the inside, becomes even more important when Trish leaves and they stay in and out of touch. But then theres Stewart, a boy Maddie meets not too long after. While opposite-sex relationships are forbidden at Spring Meadows, they dont care and choose to pursue romance anyway. Its cut short, though, as Maddies been cleared to leave and Stew still needs to finish his time in treatment. The heart of  Recovery Road  happens when Maddies put back into the life she had trouble being fully in prior to treatment. When she was known as the crazy party girl, how can she resume life as a changed, clean, and more buckled-down version of herself? Is that who she really is? And with her interest in pursuing romance with Stew and friendship with Trish, she discovers that being true to herself means coming to make decisions about who she is now and who she wants to be in the future. Does she simply want to get out of high school or does she want to put the work into getting into a great college after graduation? Its a bumpy road, and its filled with twists, turns, and potholes. Relationships shift and change, and no matter how good Maddie does, she finds that even those she loves and respects deeply cant follow through on their promises to themselves and she cant control them. Theyre only in charge of their own choices. ABC Family snapped up the rights to  Recovery Road  and began taping the pilot for a series drama earlier this month. These five titles will give you a leap into the great, wide world of Nelsons YA fiction. And when youve seen what theres to see here, there are still tons more titles by Nelson both in YA and in adult to discover.

Essay Deterrence Theory of Crime - 1021 Words

Deterrence theory of crime is a method in which punishment is used to dissuade people from committing crimes. There are two types of deterrence: general and specific. General deterrence is punishment to an individual to stop the society as a whole from committing crimes. In other word, it is using the punishment as an example to â€Å"scare† society from precipitating in criminal acts. Under general deterrence, publicity is a major part of deterrence. Crime and their punishments being showing in the media or being told person to person can be used to deter crime. Specific deterrence is punishment to the individual to stop that individual from committing other crimes in the future. This type of deterrence is used to teach the individual a†¦show more content†¦All things have their problems. Contemporary Theorist believes that, yes deterrence may stop some people but for other is causes a backlash effect. The authors of Criminology: Explaining Crime and Its Context explained backlash effect like this, â€Å"†¦stiffer penalties will generate more rather than less deviance among some segments of the targeted population† (Brown et al., P148, par. 3). A study by Gary Lafee and some of his colleagues showed how the backlash effect works. They results of their study showed that deterrence did occur but the backlash effect was much more. This study shows that punishment might stop some criminals, but not all of them are afraid of punishment (Brown et al., 2010, p 148-150). Here recently, a story about hate crimes has been in the news. Two men from Pennsylvania were convicted for beating an â€Å"illegal† Mexican to death. The two young men, Derrick Donchak and Brandon Piekarsky, each got nine years in prison for this hate crime. Both Donchak and Piekarsky were still in high school when the crime was committed. The men were said to have beating the Mexican, Luis Ramirez, using racist comment, as he was walking through their neighborhood. After Ramirez had fallen to the ground, the two Pennsylvania men continued to kick the victim in the head (CNN, 2011). According to MSNBC (2011), MyeshaShow MoreRelatedDeterrence and Rational Choice Theory of Crime3085 Words   |  13 PagesThe issue of whether decision making by criminals is a rational process is a heated topic of discussion when one asserts that crime is the role of choice. Before the classical school of criminology, crime was thought to be the product of the paranormal occurrence of demons, witches, ghouls, and other creatures. The time prior to the classical school of criminology, called the preclassical era, is divided in two parts. Before the time of state intervention into private matters, each individual dealtRead MoreDeterrence Theory And Its Effect On The Individual s Perception Of The Crime Essay1147 Words   |  5 PagesDeterrence theory is influential in understanding shoplifting, but many shortcomings in this perspective should be ad dressed to encompass the crime. Deterrence theory understands that when there is a low likelihood of getting caught or the punishment is minimal it will not deter the individual from the crime. This theory theorizes the individual as a rational actor who understand the penalties and can logically think and control their actions accordingly. Shoplifters may not be informed of the likelihoodRead MoreThe Deterrence Theory Of The Criminal Justice System1368 Words   |  6 PagesThe Deterrence theory is a key element in the Criminal Justice System. It’s principles about justice appeal to us because it adapts to our ideas of what we identify as fairness. Punish the sinful and the ones who break the law, swiftly, to the extent that pain will dissuade them from committing a crime ever again. Its sole purpose, to instill fear. Fear of breaking the law because of its punishments. We not only use this theory to punish criminals, but it is a basis in which we raise our kids andRead More Deterrence And Rational Choice Theory777 Words   |  4 Pagesworld crime is happening every single day. Yes, some people may feel as if the deterrence theory does not work. Due to the fact that crime still happens in the world. This essay will look at the support for the theory. As well as the key problems for the theory. Next, it will explain some of the newest directions in deterrence/rational choice theory. Finally, it will either agree/disagree with someone’s thought on deterrence and how it does not work and is a waste of time to study. Deterrence andRead MoreDr. Cesare Beccaria As The Father Of Deterrence Theory1563 Words   |  7 Pagesaround the United States are committing crimes every day. When they commit these crimes, they may not know of the consequences that come with committing the crimes until they get caught. These young children or teenagers need to start learning the consequences of committing a crime before they grow older because if they do not learn, they will make their life miserable. The deterrence theory would be a perfect way to keep these young people out of trouble. Deterrence would play a huge role in to gettingRead MoreIs Deterrence Effective And Efficient?1719 Words   |  7 PagesIs Deterrence Effective and Efficient? Joshua A. Barlow Anderson University Abstract I will discuss the nuances of the deterrence theory and whether or not it’s a viable form of preventing crime. The reason we have laws and punishments is to deter people from committing crimes. Deterrence is an inherent concept within criminal law. Many believe that people will commit crimes regardless of deterrence and therefore efforts to deter are in vein. I will delve into Cesare Beccaria’sRead MoreThe Deterrence Theory By Thomas Hobbes1347 Words   |  6 Pagesalways end up that way for some. Indeed, the Deterrence Theory then comes into play making sure that not only is everyone treated equally but, also making sure that it sees fit that the punishment given is carefully taken into consideration. The Deterrence Theory was first introduced by theorist Thomas Hobbes who was then followed up on the theory by Cesare Beccaria, and Jeremy Bentham who later added a more modern, updated version of the theory. This theory first came about during the military whenRead MoreDeterrence Theory And The Criminal Justice Field Essay1578 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Deterrence can be defined as an act of threat to prevent another party from certain actions. Deterrence theory is based upon a belief that citizens choose to obey or violate the law after determining the advantages and disadvantages of their actions (Paternoster, 2010). Deterrence, in the criminal justice field, dissuades individuals from criminal activity and from continuing to live a life of crime after committing the first criminal like act (Dutton, 2014). Law enforcement providesRead MoreContemporary Utilization Of Classical Perspective1575 Words   |  7 Pagesexplain the contemporary utilization of the classical perspective of criminology. Deterrence theory, rational choice theory, routine activities theory, and lifestyle theory will be explained and defined thoroughly detailing each theory and provide a historical background, theorist(s) involved, prior literature, scientific methods, results, personal opinions, and policy implications for each theory. These theories are s till being utilized in law enforcement in present day enforcement of laws andRead MorePolice Corruption within XYZ Organization Essay1076 Words   |  5 Pagesaimed at reducing the prevalence of these instances. I will be using a blend of two criminological theories. The two theories that I would like to blend is the deterrence theory and the self-control theory. A blend of the two allows us to apply a direct application across a multitude of demographic groups within the organization while still focusing on what I believe to be the main contributor to crime, personal decision. By utilizing a blend of the two, I think we are able to see how personal choice

The Jewish Community in Greece Essay example - 2624 Words

The Jewish Community in Greece Problems with format ?The Jewish community in Greece has a very colorful and intriguing past, but it is also a history filled with undeserved discriminatory acts and hatred.? The earliest Jews came to Greece either in chains or because of persecution, and soon experienced more hardships and troubles.? And just when Greece had overcome its discrimination and its Jews began to breathe easily, the worst persecution of all befell the community.? The Jewish community in Greece was once large and prominent.? In fact, ?the country once boasted some of the most distinguished and ancient Jewish communities in the world.1 But only a shadow of its once glorious past remains, and Jews are currently facing†¦show more content†¦Later emperors such as Heraclius, Leo III, and Basil I tried to force all Jews in the empire to convert to Christianity.? Throughout the Byzantine era, Jews continually faced troubles, and life did not become easier with Ottoman rule, in which Jews faced political and economic pre ssures.? When Greece became a country in 1821, it ?recognized the civic and political equality of the Jews.?5? The lives of Greek Jews were greatly improved until the 1940s, when anti-Semitism and hatred removed them from their homes and robbed them of their lives. History of Thessaloniki ?The Greek city of Salonika, or Thessaloniki, is an excellent example of the Greek Jewish community.? This ?illustrious, proud and powerful city? was the home of thousands of Jews for centuries.6? It was named after Alexander the Great?s sister and built by her husband, Kassandros.7? Kassandros is responsible for the first Jews moving to Thessaloniki.? He petitioned the Egyptian king Ptolemei to allow Jewish artists to come in 140 B.C.? The Jews in Thessaloniki were called Romaniotes and spoke Greek, but kept the Hebrew ways sacred as well.? The first account of Jews in Thessaloniki comes from Paul, who traveled there during his proselytizing career.? The Jewish population was very small at this point, and it was not until the Byzantine times that ?a significant community? was in Thessaloniki.8?Show MoreRelatedGreece And Its Cultural Literacy1333 Words   |  6 Pageslong from West to East, the country of Greece is definitely noteworthy. In our constant efforts to assist the Middle East, getting to know one of their close neighbors seemed like a wise decision. Although we are not actively fighting in Greece, their proximity to Turkey has made them an unfortunate hiding place for jihadist groups. (Lister, Mantzikos 2015) Getting to know Greece; their culture, geography, military conflict history, and weather within Greece will help the U.S. Army to stay in frontRead MoreAn Overview of the Greek and Roman Empire1654 Words   |  7 Pagesplayed an important role in the development of Gee civilization. The mountains and the sea played especially significant roles in the development of Greek history. Much of Greece consists of small plains river valleys surrounded by high mountain ranges. The mountain isolated Greeks from one another, causing different Greek communities to develop their own ways of life. The sea also influenced the evolution of Greek society. The Greeks lived on a number of islands to the west, south, and east of the GreekRead MoreBoycott Of The American Olympic Committee1383 Words   |  6 PagesReichstag, the German parliament, and in 1933 Hitler was appointed chancellor of Germany. This new leadership alarmed the IOC and sparked boycott movements around the world, including in the United States. Jewish and African-American communities were alarmed by the German government’s boycott of Jewish businesses. They appealed to the American members of the Olympic committee to boycott the games. The president of the American Olympic Committee (AOC), Avery Brundage (who would later become the presidentRead MoreThe Christian Of Christian Education777 Words   |  4 Pagesa driving fo rce behind the Christian school education that emerged in the early centuries. When Christians were dispersed throughout the Roman Empire after the destruction of Jerusalem, Christian parents - both Jewish and Gentile- faced a dilemma for their children’s education. The Jewish people had a long history of their commitment to the spiritual education of their children. They were the first to establish church-supported religious school system when they exiled to Babylon and started to buildRead MoreThe Conviction Of Christian Parents784 Words   |  4 Pagesdriving force behind the Christian school education that emerged in the early centuries. When Christians were dispersed throughout the Roman Empire after the destruction of Jerusalem, Christian parents - both Jewish and Gentile- faced a dilemma for their children s education. The Jewish people had a long history of their commitment to the spiritual education of their children. They were the first to establish church-suppor ted religious school system when they exiled to Babylon and started to buildingRead MoreThe Ashkenazim, the Sephardim and the Mizrahim Jews Essay924 Words   |  4 PagesAfter the Romans conquered Jerusalem and caused the destruction of the Temple in 70 AD many Jewish people fled to Europe and other countries. The two main groups that emerged during this time were the Ashkenazim and the Sephardim. Both these groups set up new lives in foreign countries and had to grow accustomed to their traditions and beliefs. The Ashkenazim settled mainly in Germany and spoke Yiddish while the Sephardim settled mainly in Spain and spoke their own distinct language, a combinationRead More The Jewish Experience in Venice in the Age of the Ghetto Essay1473 Words   |  6 Pagesthe opposite of what was the Jewish experience of it in Venice. First of all, it can be inferred that Jewish people of that time was not representative neither of just one class, nor than a particular â€Å"race†, but rather it was a complex reality of different ethnic groups that was forced to give itself a particular organization to preserve its own economic, social and cultural rights. And it is also true that in many cases, claiming rights, Jewish community lost them. Defining themselvesRead MoreEssay on Jews in Germany between 1922 and 19451347 Words   |  6 PagesJew. Holocaust is the term describing the Nazi annihilation of about 6 million Jews (two thirds of the pre-World War II European Jewish population), including 4,500,000 from Russia, Poland, and the Baltic; 750,000 from Hungary and Romania; 290,000 from Germany and Austria; 105,000 from The Netherlands; 90,000 from France; 54,000 from Greece. The Holocaust was unique in its being genocide—the systematic destruction of a people solely because of religion, race, ethnicityRead MoreThe Holocaust Of The Jewish Holocaust858 Words   |  4 PagesThe Jewish Holocaust is often described as the largest, most gruesome holocaust in history. It began in 1933 with the rise of Adolf Hitler and lasted nearly twelve years until the Nazi Party were defeated by the Allied powers in 1945. The expression â€Å"Holocaust† originated from Greece which is translated to â€Å"sacrifice by fire†. This is a very proper name considering the slaughter and carnage of Jewish people inflicted by the Nazis. In addition to the Jewish, Gypsies, Jehovah’s Witnesses, homosexualRead MoreThe Legacy Of St. Paul1098 Words   |  5 Pagesjourney, from 49 AD- 52 AD, significant development of the early church in the towns of Antioch, Athens, Corinth, and Philippi. During Paul s second journey, he visited Athens in 51 AD, the center of learning and philosophy for Ancient Greece, now the Capital of Greece. In Athens, Paul was waiting for his companions, Timothy and Silas, to return from Macedonia. Whilst he was there, Paul was disturbed by the amount of statues and altars dedicated to Pagan Gods. Immediately after noticing this, he started

Techniques of Comedy Free Essays

Alex Moreno Theater 208 Comedy: Techniques behind the Laughter Comedy is the genre of film that makes even the saddest times bearable and gained a lot of popularity in a time when people needed a boost. Comedy is a unique form of film in its wide range of methods, and in all of these methods there is at least some of a select group of approaches. The true magic that comedy has arises from these select few techniques, that, when used properly, will never fail to generate a laugh. We will write a custom essay sample on Techniques of Comedy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Comedy comes in a wide range of forms, all of which bring a laugh in different ways. There are however, a few specific categories of comedy which become classics. The most effective of these include; screwball, running gags, wit, set-up and punch line, and slap stick. While these are separate categories of comedy, they are very often used together or in other types, to successfully generate a laugh. The question is, what makes them work over and over, and the answer lies in common factors of each technique. An important factor in comedy is the script and use of dialogue. While dialogue is not equally important in all types of comedy, it is still a very effective tool in producing a great comedy. The dialogue must tie in fast pacing, wit, and comedy in order to keep an audience entertained, all while following the script in order to draw the audience in to the film, and keep them hooked. Great comedies always have exceptional dialogue that can make even the most ordinary scene, absolutely hilarious. When dialogue is used properly, it can be comedy in itself, or add to another joke. An example of this is when a main character makes a funny comment about the antagonist or another character. The actions of the other character may not be funny alone, but add some commentary and it becomes extremely funny. Overall, dialogue is not the main drive behind all comedic forms, as seen in silent films, but it is still important to modern comedy in its ability to make ordinary things funny. The next important factor of a successful comedy is the pacing. Fast pacing is the only successful way of making a comedy; the audience must always have something to generate a laugh. Audiences are fickle, and making them wait for something to happen will only cause them to lose interest. The pace must be fast enough to keep people interested, but it must also be at a pace where the audience can keep up with the action. A comedy will not be funny if the next joke starts before the audience even laughs at the last one. A great comedy must find just the right balance that will not lose the audience to boredom, or in a rush. Give the audience enough time to laugh, but don’t let them stop laughing. Another critical factor in generating a successful comedy is in the use of montage. Cutting shots between different angles helps to keep the audience interested by adding fresh perspective, the film must always be moving, and so must the camera. This is used in addition to close-ups and establishment shots during important sequences. A very effective method of doing this is switching shots between characters during important comedic sequences. An example of this would be a main character meant to be funny talking to one of the stagnant characters, anti-comic relief, and showing their lack of reaction to something funny done by the main character. Another method is changing the camera angles while a character has difficulty performing a task. A character struggling to carry a box through a door is funny, but gets old unless you constantly montage in order to keep the scene fresh, adding to the pace. Montage is an important factor in successful comedy because a joke needs to stay fresh in order to be funny, as does a comedy. The casting in a film is of the utmost importance, as not all people are funny in the same situations. Actors all have certain comedic roles, which they best fit into. A serious looking actor with a stern voice would not make a good goofball character. If that same actor is placed into the role of a gangster with the attitude of a child, he becomes a great comic figure. Casting is of the utmost importance as actors must fit their roles, while they have more range in comedy, they still must be believable to some degree. This can be seen by the great number of comedies where people walk out saying; it would have been funny or funnier with someone else. Casting must be done carefully in order also insure that the characters play well against each other. While a grown man acting like a child is funny at times, it becomes extremely effective when there is another character provoking them to behave that way. In the end, casting determines how the audience will react to the story, and whether jokes will be funny when coming from the selected cast. In the end all of these things tie in to make a comedic film funny. If the techniques are used properly you will create a high energy comedy that will keep the audience entertained. True classics have everything that a comedy could need, great dialogue, fast pacing, montage, and great casting. When these techniques are used together properly, a comedy cannot fail. The basic goal of a comedy is to stay fresh, and by utilizing these techniques, even the most played out scenario can become funny all over again. Comedy has made us laugh for nearly a century, and it will continue to so long as it is kept new, fresh, and exciting. How to cite Techniques of Comedy, Essay examples

Art for Arts sake Analysis of the Picture of Dorian Gray Essay Example For Students

Art for Arts sake Analysis of the Picture of Dorian Gray Essay The main character of the book is a young and extremely Andromeda man named Dorian Gray. He is sitting to a painter called Basil Hallways. Basil is greatly inspired by the beauty of the boy and Dorian becomes painter s muse. In the artists studio Dorian also meets Lord Henry Watson, a man Of great intellect and immoral views. When the painting is finished, Basil and Henry are shocked by the exquisiteness of the picture. Dorian also admires the way the picture depicts his look, but he becomes frightened when his new friend, Lord Henry, tells him that his beauty will fade with age, whereas the picture will remain the same. Dorian makes a assassinate wish that he would remain young and the picture aged instead of him. Being influenced by Lord Henry, Dorian abandons the life of virtues and starts the life of vices. His behavior seems to be reflected in the portrait and Dorian quickly realizes that his wish has come true. Scared by what he sees in the picture, Dorian decides to hide the portrait in a locked room. However, this event doses t change anything, Dorian continues his life of deception and cruelties. Then one evening he meets the artist again. After he showed him the picture, Dorian 5 hatred of painter 5 work overwhelms him and he kills Basil, Dorian rises to carry on with his life as usual, but the feelings of guilt grow stronger and stronger. Hymnal, Dorian decides to destroy the picture and all the bad memories it represents. By doing so, Dorian actually kills himself. The Picture of Dorian Gray was written in 1889 in a period known as Victorian England. The term refers to the reign of Queen Victoria over the British Empire and the culture within it during 1837 to 1901. The main values of the Victorian culture were Puritanism, hard work, family and public face. The public face and social status were very important during this period. Because of that people avoided some topics during conservation or pretended that they know nothing about it, for example. But the reality was usually the right opposite. (ROEBUCK 201 1) When O. Wiled presented his novel, it was criticized as scandalous and immoral for its openness. For his protection and explanation Wiled revised the novel in 1891 by adding a preface and six additional chapters. The preface answers the critics who charge The Picture of Dorian Cray with being an immoral tale: Wiled believed that art possesses an intrinsic value?that it is beautiful and Hereford has worth, and thus needs serve no Other purpose, be it moral or political. This attitude was revolutionary in Victorian England, where popular belief held that art was not only a function Of morality but also a means Of enforcing it. (separateness. Com The Picture of Dorian Gray) During the Victorian period several types of novel were produced. The most popular one was Victorian novel. It is a realistic novel, where hard work and progress is eventually rewarded and vices are punished. Among other types of novel such as fantasy, adventure or detective novel in the second half of the 18th entry also emerged gothic novel. (Vita 2011) The Picture of Dorian Gray contains several themes which are typical for a gothic novel: supernatural presence, darkness and rain, murder and suicide, characters with mysterious past and a secret room, (CUMMINGS 2011) In comparison to another gothic novel of the period, Withering Heights by Emily Bronze, Wiled s novel does not differ a lot. .u6c4d0d83aa08940922346c5e18d378c2 , .u6c4d0d83aa08940922346c5e18d378c2 .postImageUrl , .u6c4d0d83aa08940922346c5e18d378c2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6c4d0d83aa08940922346c5e18d378c2 , .u6c4d0d83aa08940922346c5e18d378c2:hover , .u6c4d0d83aa08940922346c5e18d378c2:visited , .u6c4d0d83aa08940922346c5e18d378c2:active { border:0!important; } .u6c4d0d83aa08940922346c5e18d378c2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6c4d0d83aa08940922346c5e18d378c2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6c4d0d83aa08940922346c5e18d378c2:active , .u6c4d0d83aa08940922346c5e18d378c2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6c4d0d83aa08940922346c5e18d378c2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6c4d0d83aa08940922346c5e18d378c2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6c4d0d83aa08940922346c5e18d378c2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6c4d0d83aa08940922346c5e18d378c2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6c4d0d83aa08940922346c5e18d378c2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6c4d0d83aa08940922346c5e18d378c2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6c4d0d83aa08940922346c5e18d378c2 .u6c4d0d83aa08940922346c5e18d378c2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6c4d0d83aa08940922346c5e18d378c2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Of Suspicions EssayThe main characters of both novels are passionate, cruel, influenced by another person and both characters have power over the others. The main difference might be the theme of love, Withering Heights resents love as something unique, passionate and rather immortal, whereas The Picture of Dorian Gray shows us love as a reasonable fact with some duration which depends on human qualities such as acting skill, good look or possession. Before meeting Henry, Dorian was an innocent young boy who had probably followed the strict Victorian social codes.

Music 111 Chapter 17 Flashcard

Music 111 Chapter 17

Typing Spanish Diacritical Marks on Windows Keyboards

Typing Spanish Diacritical Marks on Windows Keyboards You can type in Spanish on Microsoft Windows machines- complete with accented letters and inverted punctuation- even if youre using a keyboard that shows English characters only. There are essentially three approaches to typing Spanish in Windows. First, use the international keyboard configuration that is part of Windows, best for if you frequently type in Spanish. Alternatively, you can use built in character maps. Finally, you can use some awkward key combinations if you have only the occasional need, if youre at an Internet cafà ©, or if youre borrowing someone elses machine. Tips If you often type in Spanish in Microsoft Windows, you should  install the international keyboard software that is part of Windows and use the right Alt key for the Spanish symbols.If the keyboard software isnt available, you can use the character map app to individually select the letters and special characters you need.The numeric keypad on a full-size keyboard can also be used for Spanish characters using Alt codes. Configuring the International Keyboard Windows XP: From the main Start menu, go to the Control Panel and click on the Regional and Language Options icon. Select the Languages tab and click the Details... button. Under Installed Services click Add... Find the United States-International option and select it. In the pull-down menu, select United States-International as the default language. Click OK to exit the menu system and finalize the installation.Windows Vista: The method is very similar to that for Windows XP. From the Control Panel, select Clock, Language and Region. Under Regional and Language Options, pick Change keyboard or other input method. Select the General tab. Under Installed Services click Add... Find the United States-International option and select it. In the pull-down menu, select United States-International as the default language. Click OK to exit the menu system and finalize the installation.Windows 8 and 8.1: The method is similar to that for earlier versions of Windows. From the Control Panel, sel ect Language. Under Change your language preferences, click on Options to the right of the already installed language, which will probably be English (United States) if youre from the U.S. Under Input method, click on Add an input method. Select United States-International. This will add the international keyboard to a menu located at the lower right of the screen. You can use the mouse to choose between it and the standard English keyboard. You can also switch keyboards by pressing the Windows key and the space bar simultaneously. Windows 10: From the Ask me anything search box in the lower left, type Control (without the quotes) and launch the Control Panel. Under Clock, Language, and Region, select Change input methods. Under Change your language preferences, you will likely see English (United States) as your current option. (If not, adjust the following steps accordingly.) Click on Options to the right of the language name. Click on Add an input method and choose United States-International.  This will add the international keyboard to a menu  located at the lower right of the screen. You can use the mouse to choose between it and the standard English keyboard. You can also switch keyboards by pressing the Windows key and the space bar simultaneously. International Symbols on the Right Alt Key The easier  of the two available ways of using the international keyboard involves pressing the right Alt key (the key labeled Alt or sometimes AltGr on the right side of the keyboard, usually to the right of the space bar) and then another key simultaneously. To add the accents to the vowels, press the right Alt key at the same time as the vowel. For example, to type , press the right Alt key and the A at the same time. If youre capitalizing to make , youll have to press three keys simultaneously- A, right Alt, and shift. The method is the same for the à ±, n with the tilde. Press the right Alt and the n at the same time. To capitalize it, also press the shift key. To type the à ¼, youll need to press right Alt and the Y key. The inverted question mark ( ¿) and inverted exclamation point ( ¡) are done similarly. Press right Alt and the 1 key (which also is used for the exclamation point) for the inverted exclamation point. For the inverted question mark, press right Alt and /, the question mark key, at the same time. The only other special character used in Spanish but not English are the angular quotation marks ( « and  »). To make those, press the right Alt key and either bracket key [ or ] to the right of the P simultaneously. Special Characters Using Sticky Keys The sticky keys method can be used to make accented vowels, too. To make an accented vowel, press , the single-quote key (usually to the right of ; the semicolon), and then release it and type the vowel. To make à ¼, press the shift and quote keys (as if you were making , a double quote) and then, after releasing, type the u. Because of the stickiness of the quote key, when you type a quote mark, initially nothing will appear on your screen until you type the next character. If you type anything other than a vowel (which will show up accented), the quote mark will appear followed by the character you just typed. To type a quote mark, youll need to press the quote key twice. Note that some word processors or other software may not let you use the key combinations of the international keyboard because they are reserved for other uses. Typing Spanish Without Reconfiguring the Keyboard If you have a full-size keyboard, Windows has two ways to type almost any character, as long as it exists in the font you are using. You can type in Spanish this way without having to set up the international software, although both options are cumbersome. If youre using a laptop, you may be limited to the first method below. Character Map: Access character map, access the start menu and type charmap in the search box. Then select the charmap program in the search results. If character map is available in the regular menu system, you can also select it that way. From there, click on the character you want, then click Select, then Copy. Place your cursor in your document by clicking where you wish the character to appear, and then paste the character into your text by pressing CtrlV, or right clicking and selecting Paste from the menu.Numeric Keypad: Windows allows the user to type any available character, including diacritical marks, by holding down one of the Alt keys while typing in a numeric code on the numeric keypad, if one is available. For example, to type the em dash (- ), hold down Alt while typing 0151 on the numeric keypad. Alt codes only work on the numeric keypad, not with the number row above the letters. Character Alt Code 0225 0193 à © 0233 É 0201 à ­ 0237 à  0205 à ± 0241 Ñ 0209 à ³ 0243 Ó 0211 à º 0250 Ú 0218 à ¼ 0252 ÃÅ" 0220  ¿ 0191  ¡ 0161  « 0171  » 0187 - 0151

Historic Event in Middle East Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Historic Event in Middle East - Essay Example In 1917, Britain issued Balfour declaration which was seen as an attempt to support Jewish. The declaration however stated that Britain's support for the creation of Jewish national home in Palestine without violating civil and religious rights of the non-Jewish communities. By the year 1923 Britain had received two mandates a provisional mandate over Palestine and another east of river Jordan Arabs apposed the idea of Jewish national home which lead to a Palestine, Arab nation movement in early 1930s over 100,000 Jewish refugees came to Palestine from nazi Germany and Poland) which made the Arabs organize a general uprising that paralyzed Palestine in the late 1930s. In 1939 British began to limit Jewish immigration and land purchases and it was to be done under Arabs approval only (Mendelsohn, 1989) During World War II, most Palestinian Arabs and Jews stopped their resistance to the British rule and joined the allied forces. After World War II Zionist wanted British to allow immigration of the holocaust survivors they therefore used force to stop Great Britain from limiting Jewish immigration into Palestine. The United Nations special commission on Palestine recommended that Palestine be divided into Arab state and Jewish state also Jerusalem to be put under international control. The UN general assembly adopted this plan on November 29 1947, which could lead to the birth of Israel. Arabs rejected the move and fighting broke immediately. On 14th May 1940, the Jews proclaimed the independent state of Israel and the British withdrew from Palestine the next day neighboring Arabs nations attacked Israel. (Abboushi, 1987) The impacts of these events on today's world are:- It's the oppression of Jews in Eastern Europe that resulted in mass emigration of Jewish refugees who occupied Palestine with an aim of making it an independent Jewish nation the impact today being continued on and off violence between the pales tines and Israelites since then. The pales tines are fighting for the land back a thing that the Zionists can not allow. The fact that British handed over Palestine to the Zionist brought animosity between the Palestinian Arabs and the Jews and this has led to the United Nation spending a lot of money in the peace keeping initiative which is aimed at restoring calm between the two parties. Security uncertainty in the Middle East has also impacted heavily on the oil prices with experienced price fluctuations depending on the political climate in the Middle East. Cold and physical war between Americans ad Arabs came as result of the emigration of Jews from Eastern Europe due to oppression. The Americans are fighting in favor of the Jews with whom they are known to have the same origin. Lastly, the late 1800's oppression of Jews in Eastern Europe had a very strong impact on today's world because the fact that the Jews occupied 'foreign land' has led to suicide bombers. This are Palestinian terrorists who are ready to

Alternative Energy Source Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Alternative Energy Source - Essay Example In essence, some of the issues that connect to the development of alternative energy sources are consistent with the view that the developmental needs of humanity are entirely dependent on the availability of sufficient clean energy, which does not pose any significant threat to the eco-systems around the world. On this note, it becomes important to consider the fact that debate on the production of alternative source of energy is also understood together with the need to lessen the kind of crises that have defined competition over the existing forms energy. A major factor of consideration is the fact that the economies of nearly all the countries around the world are driven by the influence of energy on other sectors, which affect the performance of markets and other indicators. Challenges of monopoly over oil, for instance, have contributed to fears in the developing and the developed world of dominance and manipulation of the economic order in ways that could impact negatively on the aspect of globalization and liberalization of world economies. Consequently, it becomes necessary to investigate available options to the question of alternative sources of energy and the need to resolve current issues affecting the development of energy levels. A wide range of research work has indicated that the world supply of oil has reduced drastically over the past century. Fears continue to grip the developed and the developing world over the question of sustainability and the impact of the reduction on the stability of the world economy. On this matter, research has shown that many countries will face significant challenges in the running of their industries as the fuel levels continue to reduce. Industrialization has been accepted as an important benchmark of development. Countries continue to grapple with the challenge in various ways that underscore the different levels of impact across the globe. Estimates from multiple sources indicate

Theories to explain narcissistic personality disorder

Theories to explain narcissistic personality disorder Theories are explanations of cause-effect relationship of human phenomenon. A well-developed theory presents a set of testable propositions stating the relationships of variables producing a phenomenon i.e. it should be capable of explaining the dynamics of human behaviour. All theories of human behaviour are not alike. They do not enjoy equal status both in dimensions and depth. Some are major theories, others are mini theories, and still others are simply concepts. For example, psychoanalytic theory and reinforcement theory are major theories; cognitive dissonance theory and attribution theory are mini theories; and complementary theory of attraction and narcissistic theory of personality disorder are simply concepts. We take up Freudian psychoanalytic theory first. Freuds (1910, 1911) first explicit formulation of narcissism conceived it is a normal phase of development standing midway between autoeroticism and object love. During this transitory period, initially diverse and unconnected autoerotic sensations were fused into what was experienced as ones body, which then become a single, unified love-object. In 1914 Freud aligned narcissism with libido theory and proposed that it ultimately matured and diffused into object relationships. Shortly thereafter he reformulated his thinking on the developmental sequence and spoke of the autoerotic phase as the primary narcissistic condition. This first phase became the initial repository of libido from which emerged not only the love of self but love in general. In time narcissism was conceived by Freud as a universal developmental process that continued through life but unfolded through se ­quential stages. He recognized that difficulties may arise in this normal, sequential progression. First, the re may be failures to advance from li ­bidinal self-love to object-love, and, second, pe ­culiarities may occur in the way the person expresses narcissistic love. Freud (l914/ I925) described this latter difficulty as follows: We have found, especially in persons whose libidinal development has suffered some disturbance, as in perverts and homosexuals that in their choice of love-object they have taken as their model not the mother; but their own selves. They are plainly seek ­ing themselves as love object and their type of object choice may be termed narcissistic. (p. 45) In this only major paper devoted exclusively to narcissism, Freud (1914) suggested that in certain casesnotably among perverts and ho ­mosexuals libidinal self-centeredness stems from the childs feeling that caretakers cannot be depended on to provide love reliably. Either re ­buffed by their parents or subjected to fickle and erratic attention (seductive one moment and dep ­recating the next) these children give up as far as trusting and investing in others as love-objects. Rather than rely on the capriciousness of others or risk their rejection, these youngsters avoid the lasting attachment they achingly desire and de ­cide instead that it is only themselves they can trust and therefore love. In light of current debates within psychoana ­lytic circles, it is important to note that the devel ­opmental origin of the term narcissism described here was only one of several concepts that Freud posited as the source of libidinal self-cathexis. Moreover, the paper was not written for the purpose of formulating either a narcissistic personal ­ity type or a narcissistic character structure. Rather, Freuds interest lay in exploring and elaborating variations in both the development and the nature of libidinal cathexis. As far as clinical syn ­dromes were concerned, he referred in this paper to characteristics observed among paraphrenics (paranoid schizophrenics), megalomaniacs, and hypochondriacs. When Freud wrote, for the first time in 1931, about narcissistic libidinal type, he de ­scribed this individual as follows: The main interest is focused on self-preservation; the type is independent and not easily overawed, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦People of this type impress others, being personalities; it is on them that their fellow men are specially likely to lean; they readily as ­sume the role of leader, give a fresh stimulus to cultural development or break down existing con ­ditions. (p. 249) What is striking in this quote is Freuds charac ­terization of the narcissists strength and confi ­dence, especially since it contrasts so markedly with the low self-esteem, feelings of emptiness, pain, and depression that certain of his recent disci ­ples (Forman, 1975; Kohut, 1971) attribute to this personality, Disparities in characterizations such as these often arise as a consequence of shifts in Freuds formulations from one period to another: over his productive and long career. In this case, it can be traced to the fact that Freud identified sev ­eral origins of narcissistic self-cathexis, only one of which is the type of parental caprice and rejec ­tion that may lead to feelings of emptiness and low self-esteem. As evident from earlier excerpts, and as later elaborated further, Freuds description of the narcissistic libidinal type, brief though it is, corresponds much more closely to the DSM-III portrayal of the narcissistic personality than do several contemporary characterizations that trace their antecedents to either parental rebuff or unreliability. Relevant to this issue is a Freuds view that that narcissistic self-investment is more likely to be a prod ­uct of parental overvaluation than of parental devaluation. Moving back somewhat to the 1920s, we find three analytically oriented theorists who addressed the concept of a narcissistic personality. Wilhelm Reich claimed to have first formulated what he termed the phallic-narcissistic character at a Vienna Psychoanalytic Society meeting in 1926, although Waelder (1925) made reference to narcis ­sistic personality features in an earlier paper focusing on the mechanisms of the psychotic process. According to Kernberg (1967) narcissists present an unusual degree of self-ref ­erence in their interactions with other people, a great need to be loved and admired by others and a curious apparent contradiction between a very in ­flated concept of themselves and an inordinate need for tribute from others. Their emotional life is shallow. They experience little empathy for the feelings of others, they obtain very little enjoyment from life other than from the tributes they receive from others or from their own grandiose fantasies, and they feel restless and bored when external glit ­ter wears off and no new sources feed their self  ­regard. They envy others, tend to idealize some people from whom they expect narcissistic supplies, and to depreciate and treat with contempt those from whom they do not expect anything (often their former idols). In general, their relationships with other people are clearly exploitative and sometimes parasitic. It is as if they feel they have the right to control and possess others and to exploit them with ­out guilt feelings, and behind a surface which very often is charming and engaging, one senses coldness and ruthlessness. Very often such patients are considered to be dependent because they need so much tribute and adoration from others, but on a deeper level they are completely unable really to de ­pend on anybody because of their deep distrust and depreciation of other. (p. 655) Kernberg (1967) asserted that the haughty and grandiose constellation of behaviors that charac ­terizes the narcissist is a defense against the pro ­jection of oral rage that, in turn, stems from the narcissists incapacity to depend on inter ­nalized good objects. In this etiologic formula ­tion, Kernberg claimed that the experiential background of most narcissists includes chroni ­cally cold parental figures who exhibit either in ­difference or covert, but spitefully aggressive, attitudes toward their children. At the same time, the young, future narcissist is often found to pos ­sess some special talent or status within the fam ­ily, such as playing the role of genius or being the only child. This quality of specialness serves as a refuge, at first only temporarily but ultimately an often-returned-to haven that reli ­ably offsets the underlying feeling of having been unloved by the vengefully rejecting parent. Kernberg (1975) describes the following pointwise eleven characteristics of narcissistic personality: Excessive self absorption. Superficially smooth, appropriate and effective social adaptation covering profound distortions in internal relations with other people. Intense ambitiousness. Grandiose fantasies existing side by side with feelings of inferiority. Over dependence on external admiration and acclaim. Feelings of boredom and emptiness. Endless search for gratification of strivings for brilliance, wealth, power and beauty. Incapacity to love to be concerned or to be empathic toward others. Chronic uncertainty and dissatisfaction about oneself. Exploitativeness and ruthlessness toward others. Chronic, intense envy, and defenses against such envy e.g., devaluation, omnipotent central and narcissistic withdrawal. Kohuts Approach Kohuts (1971) views are more difficult to summa ­rize than those of Kernberg, perhaps as a conse ­quence of their greater originality. Despite having been written in esoteric, if not obscure, psychoanalytic jargon and having been formulated in an ingenious, if at times ponderous and tautological fashion, Kohuts work has attracted numerous disciples. Fortunately, a score of in ­terpreters have sought to elucidate his metapsy ­chological assertions, which many consider among the more imaginative advances in recent analytic theory (Forman, 1975; Gedo Gold ­berg, 1973; Palombo, 1976; Wolf, 1976). Kohut (1971) rejects the traditional Freudian and Kernbergian thesis that narcissistic self-investment re ­sults from a defensive withdrawal of object-love attachments following a pattern of chronic parental coldness or vengeful spite. This classical view con ­tends that narcissism is a result of developmental arrests or regressions to earlier points of fixation. Thus, the future narcissist, according to standard analytic metapsychology, regresses to or fails to progress through the usual developmental sequence of initial undifferentiated libido, followed by auto ­eroticism, narcissism, and, finally, object-love. It is not the content as such but the sequence of libidinal maturation that Kohut challenges. His clinical ob ­servations have led him to assert that the primitive narcissistic libido has its own developmental line and sequence of continuity into adulthood. That is, it does not fade away by becoming transformed into object-libido, as contended by classical theo ­ri sts, but unfolds into its own set of mature narcis ­sistic processes and structures. In healthy form, for example, these processes might include behaviors such as humor and creativity; similarly, and most significantly, it is through this narcissistic develop ­mental sequence that the cohesive psychic structure of self ultimately emerges. Pathology in narcissistic development, according to Kohut, occurs as a consequence of failures to in ­tegrate one of two major spheres of self-maturation, the grandiose self and the idealized parental image. Confronted by realistic shortcomings that undermine early feelings of grandiose omnipotence, or subsequently recognizing the equally illusory na ­ture of the idealized powers they have attributed to their parents, these children must find a way to overcome their disappointments so as not to fragment If disillusioned, rejected, or experienc ­ing cold and unempathic care at the earliest stages of self-development, serious pathology, such as psy ­chotic or borderline states, will occur. Trauma or disappointment at a later phase will have somewhat different repercussions depending on whether the difficulty centered on the development of the grandiose self or on the parental imago. In the for ­mer, the child will fail to develop the sense of ful ­fillment and self-confiden ce that comes from I feeling worthwhile and valued; as a consequence, these needs will split off and result in the persis ­tent seeking of narcissistic recognition through adulthood. Along the second line of self-develop ­ment, children who are unable to idealize their par ­ents because of the latters indifference or rejection will feel devastated, depressed, and empty. Through adulthood, they will seek idealized parental surro ­gates who, inevitably, will fail to live up to the om ­nipotent powers the narcissists hoped to find within them. In their desperate search for an ideal that is greater than themselves, they are often led to be ­ have in a weak and self-effacing manner that will enable others to overshadow them. What is notable is that Kohuts is a developmen ­tal theory of self and not a personality characterization. Nevertheless, it leads to a clinical picture that at variance with those of Freud, Kernberg, and the DSM..III and IV. The features that emerge from Kohuts descriptions have been summarized by Forman (1975). Listed among the more promi ­nent are (a) low self-esteem, (b) tendencies toward periodic hypochondriasis, and (c) feelings of emptiness or deadness. Bursten (1973) has sought to distinguish four personality variants within the narcissistic grouping, speaking of them as the craving, paranoid, ma ­nipulative, and phallic types, He refers to the craving variety as clinging, demanding, often pouting and whining (p. 290). Those labelled paranoid narcissists correspond with general descrip ­tions of the paranoid personality. Manipulative narcissists encompass a large segment of what are referred to as antisocial personalities in the DSM-II. The fourth subtype, phallic narcissists, describes patients who are exhibitionistic, reckless, cold, and arrogant. In seeking to contrast borderline from narcissistic personalities, Bursten makes reference to the distinction as bearing on the cohesiveness of self. Elaborating this distinction, he speaks of the narcissistic personality as comprisingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦a group of people whose sense of self is suffi ­ciently cohesive that they do not suffer from these types of fragility problems, The striking feature of this cluster of personality types centers around self-esteem, They maintain an intense interest in themselves and harbor both grandiose fantasies, al ­beit not to a delusional extent, and the need to as ­sociate with powerful figures, When one frustrates their vanity or their need for an ideal parent, they become dysfunctional-they suffer severe dis ­appointment, depression, rage, and hypochondria ­sis, They may even have fleeting episodes of confusion, but such mental disintegration is very brief and does not have the prominence and the persistence of people whose personalities fall in the borderline cluster. To be noted, cohesiveness of their sense of self is maintained by the intensity focus on themselves. (Bursten 1973, p. 414). Drawing on Burstens conceptions of self ­ cohesiveness, Adler (1981) elaborates further on the continuum of narcissistic and borderline personalities: Borderline patients have serious difficulties in maintaining stable self-object transferences as well as a sense of self-cohesivenessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Patients with narcissistic personality disorders on the upper end of the continuum are able to main ­tain self-cohesiveness, except for transient fragmentation. These fragmentation experiences can often be examined in the therapeutic situation with ­out serious disruptionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Finally, patients with a narcissistic personality disorder do not experience the feelings of aloneness experienced by borderline patients. From the borderline patient capable of a serious regression at one end of the continuum to the patient with a stable narcissistic personality disorder at the other end, we can evaluate our patients, using cohesiveness of the self; self-object transference stability, and the achievement of aloneness. (pp. 47-48) Coopers Approach Cooper (1984, 1988, 1989) has written exten ­sively on different facets of the narcissistic char ­acter, describing aspects of its development, the central role of an integrated self-image, and its in ­tertwining with masochistic like tendencies. In each sphere, his Insights have been unusually as ­tute and his themes both scholarly and eloquently expressed. Speaking of the importance of an integrated self-image, Cooper (1984) writes: A vital aspect of normal self-development is the achievement of an internalized, integrated self image (p.46) Different workers have referred to these integrative capacities and failures .in a variety of ways Kohut spoke of enfeebled selves lacking co ­hesion, Kernberg speaks of splits in self-represen ­tations. Erikson referred to identity diffusion, and winnicott spoke of the false Self. Under many different headings, every investigator in this area has emphasized the core importance of the cre ­ation of a unified, coherent, integrated i nner sense of self. (p. 47) Describing the intermeshing of narcissistic and masochistic pathology, Cooper (1989) comments: Frustrations of narcissistic strivings lead to repara ­tive attempts to maintain omnipotent fantasiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.Self esteem takes on a pathological quality when an individual begins to derive satisfaction from mas ­tery of his own humiliations. A pattern of deriv ­ing pleasure out of displeasure has begun. This pattern provides the groundwork for the later clini ­cal picture of . . . the injustice collector. These individuals are basically narcissistic- ­masochistic characters and their analysis regularly reveals that narcissistic defenses of grandiosity and entitlement are used to ward off masochistic tenden ­cies toward self-abasement and self-damage. (p. 314) Taking issue with the descriptively narrow for ­mulations of the narcissistic personality in the DSM, Cooper and Sacks (1991) offer the following comments: The diagnostic features are a caricature not a clinical picture. The core issue is a conflict over self-esteem in defense of self-inflation. This grandiosity is more or less fragile or becomes more or less pathologically unrealistic when threats to self-esteem and self-representation .are present in the form of criticism tasks beyond ones capacity, etc. These patients often have a slippery ethical sys ­tem, not out of intent to exploit, but out of the need to hide flaws and keep their defects secret. Narcissistic characters also have frequent paranoid tendencies, again arising out of the need to hide im ­perfections. The sense of needing to feel perfect is as much a part of the picture as grandiosity, which is an overt characteristic. (p.3) Akhtar and Thomsans Approach In a series of particularly insightful papers, Akhtar and Thomson (1982) have sought to bring the scattered literature on the narcissi into a multifaceted profile, including their characteristic overt and covert features in six areas of psychoso ­cial functioning. In a recent book, Akhtar (1992) indicates that narcissists appear overtly grandiose, exploitative, seductive and articulate. Covertly, however, they are doubt-ridden, envious of others; chronically bored corruptible, and unable to love. Akhtars format for differentiating the overt from the covert is an extremely helpful distinction owing to the disparity that exists among many narcissists between their self-presentations and their intrapsychic doubts. Gundersons Approach Another important contributor in the narcissistic personality literature is Gunderson (1983; Gunderson Ronningstam, 1991, Gunderson. Ronningstam, 1991 Smith. In summarizing the features of the narcissist, he includes several criteria (Gunderson Ronningstam, 1991): Narcissistic patients are usually talented and have had sustained periods of successful academic employment, or creative achievement, This is frequently a source for their sense of superiority, It is also a reason why they are more apt to appear in private practice settings than in either institutions or clinics. Narcissistically disturbed patients reported histories in which they have reacted with hostility and suspicion to the perception of other peoples envy toward them. They believe that because of envy other peoples envy toward them. They believe that because of envy other people have set out to hurt them spoil their work, diminish their achievements, or criticize them behind their back. Feelings of devaluation/or contempt may occur toward many people but are especially evident to ­ward anyone why they believe has betrayed or oth ­erwise disappointed them. These become sustained attitudes of dislike or dismissal. (pp. 114-115) Stones Approach Another astute contemporary theorist. Stone (1993) further amplifies the divergent back ­grounds and psychic states of the narcissist as the following: Narcissistic traits can develop, curiously, when there are deviations from ideal rearing on either side: pampering or neglecting; expecting too much or too little. Excessive praise of a child . . . can give rise to . . . feelings of superiority, of being destined for greatness. . . . But compensatory feel ­ings of a similar kind can arise where there has been parental indifference and neglect, for in this situation a child may develop an exaggerated de ­sire for greatness by way of shoring up a sense of self-worth in the absence of the ordinary parental praise. Whereas the overly praised child may regard himself as better than he really is, the neglected child may present a dual picture: an outward sense of (compensatory) specialness cov ­ering an inward sense worthlessness. (p. 260) Learys Approach: Timothy Leary (1957), a disciple of Homey and others of the social and interpersonal school of thought, extended their notions to what he terms adjustment through competition. Leary speaks of this pattern as demonstrating a competitive self-confident narcissism, described in the follow ­ing quotes: In its maladaptive extreme it becomes a smug, cold, selfish, exploitive social role. In this case the adaptive self-confidence and independence be ­come exaggerated into a self-oriented rejection of othersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The individuals feel most secure when they are independent of other peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦The narcissist putsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦distance between himself and others- wants to be independent of and superior to the other one. Dependence is terrifying. (p. 332) The second group of . . . patients . . . are those whose self-regard has received a decent defeat. They often report the most colorful and fearful symptomatology . . . The superficial impression of depression or dependence is deceptive. Psychologi ­cal testing or perceptive interviewing will reveal that the patients are not as anxious or depressed as they appear. What becomes evident is a narcissistic concern with their own reactions, their own sensi ­tivities. The precipitating cause for their entrance to the clinic is usually a shift in their life situation, which causes frustration or a blow to their pride. (p. 335) Benjamins Approach Following the interpersonal perspective of Leary are a number of interpersonally oriented theorists who drafted their model of various personality disorders in highly fruitful work. Notable among this group is Benjamin (1993), who has formulated a complex analysis of the narcis ­sistic character. In her recent work, she describes this personality as follows: There is extreme vulnerability to criticism or being ignored, together with a strong wish for love, sup ­port, and admiring deference from others. The baseline position involves noncontingent love of self and presumptive control of others. If the support is withdrawn, or if there is any evidence of lack of perfection, the self-concept degrades to severe self-criticism. Totally lacking in empathy, these persons treat others with contempt, and hold the self above and beyond the fray. (p. 147) [The narcissist] expects to be given whatever he or she wants and needs, no matter what it might mean to others. This does not include active decep ­tion, but rather is a consequence of the belief that he or she is entitled. For example, the NPD would not set out to con a little old lady out of her life savings; however, if she offered them, the NPD would accept such a gift without reflection about its impact on her. [He/She] will expect great dedication, overwork, and heroic performance from the people associated with him or her without giving any thought to the impact of this pattern in their lives. (p. 150) Beck and Freemans Approach Contributing the insightful analysis of the nar ­cissistic personality from a cognitive point of view. Beck and Freeman (1990) provide the following proposal concerning this individuals dis ­torted belief system: The core narcissistic beliefs are as follows: Since I am special, I deserve special dispensations, privi ­leges, and prerogatives, Im superior to others and they should acknowledge this, Im above the rules. Their main strategies consist of doing whatever they can to reinforce their superior status and to expand their personal domain. Thus, they may seek glory, wealth, position, power, and prestige as a way of continuously reinforcing their superior image. Their main affect is anger when other people do not accord them the admiration or respect that they believe they are entitled to, or otherwise thwart them in some way. They are prone to becom ­ing depressed, however, if their strategies are foiled. (Beck Freeman 1990. p. 50) Narcissistic Personality Disorder can be conceptualized as stemming from a combination of dysfunctional schemas about the self, the world, and the future. The early founda ­tion of these schemas is developed by direct and indirect messages from parents, siblings, and sig ­nificant others, and by experiences that mold beliefs about personal uniqueness and self-impor ­tanceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Narcissists regard themselves as spe ­cial, exceptional, and justified in focusing exclusively on personal gratification; they expect admiration, deference, and compliance from oth ­ers, and their expectations of the future focus on the realization of grandiose fantasies. At the same time, beliefs about the importance of other peoples feelings are conspicuously lacking. Be ­havior is affected by deficits in cooperation and reciprocal social interaction, as well as by ex ­cesses in demanding, self-indulgent, and some ­times aggressive behaviors. (p. 238). In writing theories of narcissistic personality disorder, the stereotyped pattern was not adopted. Rather, attempt was made to present the view of clinicians, theoreticians and social thinkers. Highlights are given below: Psycho dynamically oriented theorists conclude that the narcissistic disorders are the product of emotionally unhealthy parent child relationship. The cold and callous mother/father produce a sense of rejection and unworthiness in child with he result that such a child spends his life defending himself that he is good and loved child and he deserves admiration and attention form all others around him. Object-relation theorists are basically psychodynamically oriented. They are as a matter of fact both derivatives and deviationists. Since they give much more importance to mother-child relationship than what is commonly given to parent-child relationship, they are described as object-relation (mother-child relation) theorists. According to object-relation theorists, negative relationship between mother-child relationship has negative impact on the growing negative personality of the child. Generally such a child develops a grandiose self-image, consequently, illusion of self-sufficiency and freedom from parental restriction is reported. Such a child is much prone to narcissistic personality tendencies. Those who give importance both to behavioural and cognitive aspects or personality development do not approve the extreme sides of child-rearing practices. They approve neither too much love nor too much negligence. Extremity of approach to the child is held to be a responsible factor in the development of narcissistic disorder. In support of this proposition, first born/the only born child who is generally over-loved is said to be prone to the development of narcissistic tendencies. Socio-cultural theorists hold that in a society where freedom of living life in the way parents are living is not questioned, adolescents feel free to adopt individualistic life-pattern. In other words, narcissism is held to have link with fading interest in ones culture. That is, where individualism is preferred to collectivism, where new values are getting recognition, narcissistic lifestyle is very likely to gain strong ground. It may be summarized that articles and books have been written about narcissistic personality disorders from two opposite perspectives. The first perspective is psycho, analytic theory which suggests that personalities are compensating for inadequate affection and approval from their parents in early childhood (Kernberg, 1975; Kohut, 1972). The second perspective is social learning perspective (Millon, 1969, 1981) which holds that narcissistic personality disorders are the product of home life, created by parents who have inflated views of their childrens intelligence, achievements, and beauty of face, figure and complexion.

Race & Ethnicity in Social Sciences Essay

Defining identity can be complex and therefore we have to investigate the factors involved that make us who we are and how we are seen by others, collectively or individually. Social scientists have to consider the key elements which shape identity, the importance of social structures and agency involved. The differences and/or similarities between us are the focus that categorise and label us in society. Knowing who we are is important for many reasons including, social rights, obtaining a passport, housing, health, employment, marriage, and over all, being able to ascertain who we are, and belong. The terms ? race’ and ? ethnicity’ are central features in the process of categorisation. ?Racial’ or ? Ethnic’ identifications are produced as part of a social process, which is dynamic and changing. Therefore we know that identities are not static and terms such as ? race’ and ? ethnicity’ cannot cover the changing categories without being dynamic terms themselves. The use of quotation marks with these terms is adopted to emphasise that the terms are broad terms and aim to avoid discrimination or misrepresentation of groups under the umbrella term.? Race’ is commonly used by media and society to portray the physical differences between people, however, social scientists choose to show that the term does not refer to exact biological differences, is stereotypical, and the quotation marks emphasise the concept as more of an assumption which has political implications. The term is socially constructed and therefore does serve an essential purpose in society as it has real affects and associations. The term ?ethnicity’ refers to cultural practices and history, such as religion, language and territory, where a person or a group derives from, summarising their beliefs and traditions, therefore, ethnicity applies to everyone, necessitating the birth of terms ? minority ethnic group’ and ? majority ethnic group’ (Questioning Identity, Ch 4, P124, section 2. 3) to subcategorise identities in relation to ethnicity. Social scientists use quotation marks around these terms to signify that the blanket term does not distinguish between personal and social identity, but acts mainly as a collective identity concept. For example, identification on a British passport may categorise the holder as being ? British’ although they may be Scottish/Chinese. Social scientists prefer to call UK society a ? multi-ethnic† society. These subgroup identities highlight the relational factors which exist in categorising identity, each requiring the other in order to make the comparison between ethnic differences, power and status. Racialization and Ethnicization are preferred concepts as they contribute more to the idea that the identities we adopt are part of a process and are not static, referring to a dynamic process rather than a fixed state. Categorisations from the 1970’s onwards, such as the definition of ? black’ or ? white’, were too vague, and failed to recognise the specific needs of other ethnic minorities. In order to monitor and measure statistically the discrimination and underachievement of such groups, collecting ? ethnic’ statistics in relation to ? race’ and ? ethnicity’ was necessary and these can be found in official government censuses. Over the years it became apparent that categorisation of ethnic groups in the censuses rendered some groups ? invisible’ (Questioning Identity, ch 4, p 137, section 4. 1. 1), for example Irish and Welsh. The category of ? white’ has had to be expanded into subcategories as the ? white’ grouping classification remained singular within the censuses until 2001, and ethnicization of ? whites’ was too generalised. (â€Å"Questioning Identity: Kath Woodward ch. 4 p138 – Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, 1991) These amendments show us that there have been changes in ethnic representation and that there is more awareness regarding ethnic identities and needs. The sub-categorisation of ethnic identities is used in everyday life such as in the media, job applications and insurance documents. The importance of the emergence of new and changing identities in a multi-ethnic society has led to uncertainties about what it means to be ? British’. In the 1980’s for example, the Commission for Racial Equality sponsored research into the claims by Irish ethnic groups making claims that they were discriminated against by public and private agencies as their ? invisibility’ misrepresented their particular needs. (Questioning Identity: Kath Woodward, ch. 4, p145). The 1960’s â€Å"Black is Beautiful† movement (Questioning Identity: Kath Woodward, ch4, 2. 2, p118) campaigned the category of ?black’, inclusive of Asians and any other non-white groups, as inappropriate and too wide an assumption. Collective group action and social creativity disputed the terminology of ? black’ and involved a struggle to alter the social meaning of blackness, as opposed to the more ? powerful’ ethnic majority status of being ? white’. This redefined black social status and proved that black identities were not fixed but dynamic, changing from a term with connotations of disrespect, to one of pride, proving identities are collective and political as well as individual and relational, â€Å"Whiteness is used as an invisible marker against which other ?ethnicities’ are judged† (Kath Woodward, Questioning Identity, Ch 4, p 136, Section 4. 1). REFERENCES DD 121, Questioning Identity: gender, class, ethnicity. Kath Woodward, The Open University, Routledge, 2004. DD121, Workbook 1, Norma Sherratt, David Goldblatt, Maureen Mackintosh and Kath Woodward, The Open University, Routledge, 2004. DD121, Block 1, The Open University, TV02 Defining Moments DD121, Block 1, Audio 2, The Open University, Audio 3A DD121, Block 1, Audio 2, The Open University, Audio 3B.

Amended Budget Paper And Excel File

Riordan Manufacturing Inc is an international company specialized in the manufacturing of plastic products. Based in USA, Riordan Manufacturing has manufacturing plants in Georgia, Michigan, Albany and Pontiac. To achieve international status, and produce high quality products, Riordan Manufacturing has opened another plant in Hang Zhou in China. One of the aims of the Riordan manufacturing is to remain competitive in order to achieve market advantages. To achieve this aim, the management of Riordan manufacturing has initiated a policy to constantly change the business environment, and employ latest technology.To achieve global expansion, Riordan manufacturing has decided to initiate global market expansion through the introduction of virtual organization. The Riordan’s virtual organization involves the introduction of electronic commerce in order to sell the company products worldwide through the application of internet. In the present global competitive environment, e-busine ss has become one of the potent tools by which organization achieve competitive market advantages. Thus, Riordan manufacturing has decided to employ e-business to increase efficiency in sales and marketing through the implementation of virtual organization.For the successful implementation of virtual business organization, Riordan manufacturing needs to employ Information Technology (IT) supports in order to install both hardware and software, and efficient implementation of operation costs is very essential. The objective of this paper is to amend the overall budget of FY2004. The amendment will reveal the increase on expenditures on items such as hardware, software and outside IT support by 4%. The paper also amends the budget by decreasing the overall budget by 2%.Finally, the paper provides the rational behind the changes in the budget of Riordan manufacturing FY2004. To achieve the business growth, Riordan intends to implement virtual organization. To achieve efficient virtual organisation for Riordan manufacturing, it is essential to adjust the consolidating operating budget of FY2004. Essentially, paper amends consolidating Operating Budget Cost IT center for Riordan manufacturing FY2004 and in the amendment, the following requirements are reflected.First, there is increase on expenditures on items related to hardware, software, and outside IT support services by 4 percent. Moreover, there is decrease in the overall budget by 2 percents. The paper provides the rational behind the changes on the budget amount in the next section. 1. 2: Rational behind the changes on the budget. First, integration of IT has become of the major objectives of many organisations. In the present contemporary competitive environment, organizations now realise that integration of IT tools has become potent tools by which organizations gain market advantages.With the realization of potential benefits that IT has provided for the success of organization, Riordan manufacturing has also decided to integrate IT tools in its business operation. This has vividly revealed from the company memorandum written by Hugh McCauley, and sent to Michael Riordan, Maria Trinh, and Dale Edgel on September 10, 2003. From this memorandum, the Riordan manufacturing has dedicated to employ the latest technology to support the continuing business operations.Proper integration of latest Information Technology in the business model necessitates the integration of latest hardware and software so that Riordan manufacturing could achieve high competitive advantages for its virtual business organisation. To achieve these aims, there is need to make changes in the budget by increasing the spending on the items related to hardware, software, and items outside IT service by 4% . The increase in the spending on these items is very critical for the successful implementation of virtual organisation that Riordan manufacturing intends to implement.The increase in the spending on the outside IT service is also very critical because there is need to implement employee training for the continuous implementation of web based business of Riordan manufacturing. Employee training is very critical for the smooth running of virtual organization. Employee will be in charge of processing of orders sent by customers online. Moreover, employee will ensure that orders received online are dispatched to clients. Thus, employee training is very critical to ensure that Riordan’s employees are capable to handle these tasks.Thus, increase in spending to achieve this aim is one of the reasons to amend the overall budget. Apart from employee training, maintenance and contract will also be critical for the smooth running of virtual organization, the increase in spending on this item will ensure the smooth continuity of virtual organization. The contact for the virtual organization will consist of Web hosting, off site data storage, and hardware maintenance. The items revealed in the con tract are very critical for the virtual organisation. Web hosting is indispensable for web based business.Hardware maintenance is very critical in order to avoid web failure. Offsite data storage is also very critical for web based business, off site data storage is very essential for data security because there may be data loss through theft, fire disaster, and other unforeseen circumstances. Thus, the increase in spending on these items will enhance viability of Riordan virtual organization. Moreover, the changes in overall budget are critical in order to reduce the overall budget by 2%. The reduction in the overall budget by 2% is essential to reduce overall operating costs of Riordan manufacturing.According to Kuzic, Fisher, and Scollary (2002) the advantages of virtual organisation is to achieve the reduction in operating costs. One of the advantages of decrease in the operating costs is to increase the company’s revenue, and this will lead to the increase in the yearly net profit of Riordan manufacturing. 2: Conclusion The paper provides the amendment of budget for the Riordan manufacturing consolidated operating budget cost IT center for the FY2004. In the amendment, there are changes that reveal the increase in the spending on items related to hardware, software and outside IT items by 4%.Moreover, there is decrease of overall budget by 2%. The paper presents the rational behind the overall changes in budget. The rational provided are to meet the aims of Riordan manufacturing in order to implement the latest technology to achieve competitive market advantages. The overall decrease in budget by 2% is also essential. This is to decrease the operating costs of Riordan manufacturing in order to increase the company’s net profits. Reference Kuzic, J. Fisher,J. & Scollary, A. (2002). Electronic Commerce Benefits, Challenges And Success Factors in the Australian Banking and Fina

Essay on Search for Identity in Amy Tans The Joy Luck Club

Search for Identity in Joy Luck Club Each person reaches a point in their life when they begin to search for their own, unique identity. In her novel, Joy Luck Club, Amy Tan follows Jing Mei on her search for her Chinese identity – an identity long neglected. Four Chinese mothers have migrated to America. Each hope for their daughter’s success and pray that they will not experience the hardships faced in China. One mother, Suyuan, imparts her knowledge on her daughter through stories. The American culture influences her daughter, Jing Mei, to such a degree that it is hard for Jing Mei to understand her mothers culture and life lessons. Yet it is not until Jing Mei realizes that the key to understanding who her†¦show more content†¦Suyuan rejects the women-repressive Chinese traditions when she tells her daughter that she believed you could be anything you want to be in America (Tan 141). Suyuan continually tells Jing Mei her Kweilin story as a child, the story of the origins of the Joy Luck Club as well as her mothers past hardships. Yet despite the importance of the story and the events constituting the story to Suyuan, Jing Mei never thought [her] mothers Kweilin story was anything but a Chinese fairy tale (Tan 12). The story would have the same meaning to Jing Mei as if she were being told the story of Sleeping Beauty, or some other American bedtime story. When Jing Mei recognizes the similarities between her mother and herself she begins to understand not only her mother but herself as well. There are subtle connections and likenesses from the beginning between Jing Mei and her mother that Jing Mei does not see. The book commences with Jing Mei taking her mothers place at the mah jong table, creating a similarity between them from the beginning. Suyuan dies two months before the start of the book, and therefore is not able to tell the stories. Jing Mei has learned and must tell her stories in her place, forming another parallelism between mother and daughter. Because Suyuan is dead, Jing Mei must act in place of her mother when she goes to meet her Chinese sisters in China. Throughout the book Jing Mei takes the place of Suyuan, showing she and her motherShow MoreRelated The Search for Identity in Amy Tans The Joy Luck Club Essay3982 Words   |  16 PagesThe Search for Identity in The Joy Luck Club  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When Chinese immigrants enter the United States of America, it is evident from the start that they are in a world far different than their homeland. Face to face with a dominant culture that often times acts and thinks in ways contrary to their previous lives, immigrants are on a difficult path of attempting to become an American. Chinese immigrants find themselves often caught between two worlds: the old world of structured, traditionalRead More Search for Identity in Amy Tans The Joy Luck Club Essay examples848 Words   |  4 Pages nbsp;Search for Identity in The Joy Luck Clubnbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Imagine, a daughter not knowing her own mother! And then it occurs to me. They are frightened. In me, they see their own daughters, just as ignorant, just as unmindful of all truths and hopes they have brought to America. They see daughters who grow impatient when their mothers talk in Chinese, who think they are stupid when they explain things in fractured English. (Tan 40-41) Amy Tan frames The Joy Luck Club with Jing-meiRead More Chinese and American Cultures Essay example4350 Words   |  18 PagesChinese and American Cultures Chinese-Americans authors Amy Tan and Gish Jen have both grappled with the idea of mixed identity in America. For them, a generational problem develops over time, and cultural displacement occurs as family lines expand. While this is not the problem in and of itself, indeed, it is natural for current culture to gain foothold over distant culture, it serves as the backdrop for the disorientation that occurs between generations. In their novels, Tan and Jen pinpoint